A blank price-to-earnings means a loss, not a missing figure — the ratio has no meaning when there are no earnings to divide by, and printing a negative one would make the least profitable company look the cheapest.

Grades are trailing twelve months from each company’s own SEC filings, so they move only when a company files. Every column is computed by the same code that graded Banco Santander, S.A. on the overview — nothing here comes from a data vendor’s own ratios.

Industry membership is not a judgement about how similar two businesses are. It groups companies by what they are classified as, which is a starting point for comparison rather than a claim that they compete.